Balance
theory - A
theory that people desire cognitive consistency or balance in their thoughts,
feelings, and social relationships.
Behavior therapy - The application of the principles of learning and conditioning theory to
treatment of psychological and behavioral problems.
Behaviour Therapy
- Historically,
the behavioural trend developed in the 1950s and early 1960s as a radical
departure from the psychoanalytic perspective. Three major phases in the
development of behaviour therapy are (1) the classical conditioning trend, (2)
the operant conditioning model, and (3) the cognitive trend. It applies the
principles of learning to the resolution of specific behavioural disorders.
Belongingness and love needs - A feeling of closeness to others; third level of human needs on Maslow's
hierarchy of needs.
Bill C-31 -
Prior to 1985, if an Indian woman married a non-Indian man, she lost her Indian
status. Also, a non-Indian woman who married an Indian man was accorded Indian
status. Bill C-31 repealed this gender discrimination provision in 1985. The
Bill made provisions for the reinstatement of status for persons who had lost
it. The Act to Amend the Indian Act also acknowledged the right of Indian bands
to control their own membership (Canada. Indian and Northern Affairs Canada,
1991:21).
Biological essentialism in sexual attraction - assumes the origin of all sexual attraction and behaviour is innate
and pre-determined; a component of the person’s biological endowment.
It believes the ‘homosexual’ is born and professional treatment is
required to ensure that the person does not act upon "deviant” sexual
drives and desires.
Birth control –
A method used to prevent pregnancy. It was illegal until 1969 in Canada,
although one could buy it "under the counter". In 1892, the First
Criminal Code of Canada stated that it was an offence to have or distribute
birth control.
Blended or
reconstituted families – A family
that includes children from previous marriages. The number of blended families
is increasing due to factors, such as increased divorce rate since the 1960s and
number of same-sex couples.
Body esteem - A person's attitudes toward his or her body.
Bourgeois/bourgeoisie
(from
‘burghers’)
- The economically dominant (and thus ruling) class in a capitalist society, the
bourgeoisie owns the means of production and employs wage labour; this class
stands in opposition to the working class.
Bourgeoisie
- The class of modern capitalists, owners of the means of social production and
employers of wage labour.
British North American Act The Act Passed on March 29th, 1867 by the British
Parliament creating Confederation. It was later renamed to the Constitution Act,
1867 to increase patriotism inside the Canada. It laid out the different levels
of government - provincial and federal, as well as the Supreme Court.
British North American Colonies - The British North American colonies were
the areas of land under British control on the North American continent. Each of
these colonies was governed individually and under British authority prior to
Confederation.
British Poor Law -
By 1597, all the legal changes in The Statute of Labourers over the century were
amalgamated into one piece of legislation called the British Poor Law.
Budget - An
estimate of the income and expenses needed to carry out programs for a fiscal
year.
Burnout
– A condition developed by some social workers due to an overwhelming amount
of work. Characterized by mental and physical exhaustion through overwork.
Business cycles –
The ups and downs or booms and busts in the economy that tends to come in cycles
every four to five years. They impact on unemployment and income security needs
and are characterized by dips in the economy or recessions.