The first Canadian trained social workers graduated from the University of Toronto, Department of Social Services in 1914. Until the early 1970s social work schools in Canada were accredited by the American Council of social Work Education. Now, professional education of social workers takes place at 23 universities across Canada, and numerous community colleges. Nearly 4,000 students enroll annually in social work degree education, and 370 faculty are employed to teach them.

Most schools, faculties or the Canadian Association of Schools of Social Work accredits departments of social work. Degrees are granted at the bachelor, master and doctoral levels of study. The Bachelor of Social Work is the minimum educational requirement for entry into the profession. Post-graduate certificate programs are also offered in specialized aspects of social work practice.